Version: 1.8.1

Operators (A to A)

This file is automatically generated from java files. Do Not Edit It.

Definition

Operators in the GAML language are used to compose complex expressions. An operator performs a function on one, two, or n operands (which are other expressions and thus may be themselves composed of operators) and returns the result of this function.

Most of them use a classical prefixed functional syntax (i.e. operator_name(operand1, operand2, operand3), see below), with the exception of arithmetic (e.g. +, /), logical (and, or), comparison (e.g. >, <), access (., [..]) and pair (::) operators, which require an infixed notation (i.e. operand1 operator_symbol operand1).

The ternary functional if-else operator, ? :, uses a special infixed syntax composed with two symbols (e.g. operand1 ? operand2 : operand3). Two unary operators (- and !) use a traditional prefixed syntax that does not require parentheses unless the operand is itself a complex expression (e.g. - 10, ! (operand1 or operand2)).

Finally, special constructor operators ({...} for constructing points, [...] for constructing lists and maps) will require their operands to be placed between their two symbols (e.g. {1,2,3}, [operand1, operand2, ..., operandn] or [key1::value1, key2::value2... keyn::valuen]).

With the exception of these special cases above, the following rules apply to the syntax of operators:

if they only have one operand, the functional prefixed syntax is mandatory (e.g. operator_name(operand1))
if they have two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g. operator_name(operand1, operand2)) or the infixed syntax (e.g. operand1 operator_name operand2) can be used.
if they have more than two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g. operator_name(operand1, operand2, ..., operand)) or a special infixed syntax with the first operand on the left-hand side of the operator name (e.g. operand1 operator_name(operand2, ..., operand)) can be used.

All of these alternative syntaxes are completely equivalent.

Operators in GAML are purely functional, i.e. they are guaranteed to not have any side effects on their operands. For instance, the shuffle operator, which randomizes the positions of elements in a list, does not modify its list operand but returns a new shuffled list.

Priority between operators

The priority of operators determines, in the case of complex expressions composed of several operators, which one(s) will be evaluated first.

GAML follows in general the traditional priorities attributed to arithmetic, boolean, comparison operators, with some twists. Namely:

the constructor operators, like ::, used to compose pairs of operands, have the lowest priority of all operators (e.g. a > b :: b > c will return a pair of boolean values, which means that the two comparisons are evaluated before the operator applies. Similarly, [a > 10, b > 5] will return a list of boolean values.
it is followed by the ?: operator, the functional if-else (e.g. a > b ? a + 10 : a - 10 will return the result of the if-else).
next are the logical operators, and and or (e.g. a > b or b > c will return the value of the test)
next are the comparison operators (i.e. >, <, <=, >=, =, !=)
next the arithmetic operators in their logical order (multiplicative operators have a higher priority than additive operators)
next the unary operators - and !
next the access operators . and [] (e.g. {1,2,3}.x > 20 + {4,5,6}.y will return the result of the comparison between the x and y ordinates of the two points)
and finally the functional operators, which have the highest priority of all.

Using actions as operators

Actions defined in species can be used as operators, provided they are called on the correct agent. The syntax is that of normal functional operators, but the agent that will perform the action must be added as the first operand.

For instance, if the following species is defined:

species spec1 {
        int min(int x, int y) {
                return x > y ? x : y;
        }
}

Any agent instance of spec1 can use min as an operator (if the action conflicts with an existing operator, a warning will be emitted). For instance, in the same model, the following line is perfectly acceptable:

global {
        init {
                create spec1;
                spec1 my_agent <- spec1[0];
                int the_min <- my_agent min(10,20); // or min(my_agent, 10, 20);
        }
}

If the action doesn't have any operands, the syntax to use is my_agent the_action(). Finally, if it does not return a value, it might still be used but is considering as returning a value of type unknown (e.g. unknown result <- my_agent the_action(op1, op2);).

Note that due to the fact that actions are written by modelers, the general functional contract is not respected in that case: actions might perfectly have side effects on their operands (including the agent).

Operators by categories

Dates

Displays

horizontal, stack, vertical,

Driving operators

as_driving_graph,

edge

edge_between, strahler,

diff, diff2,

crs, csv_file, dxf_file, evaluate_sub_model, file_exists, folder, folder_exists, gaml_file, geojson_file, get, gif_file, gml_file, grid_file, image_file, is_csv, is_dxf, is_gaml, is_geojson, is_gif, is_gml, is_grid, is_image, is_json, is_obj, is_osm, is_pgm, is_property, is_R, is_saved_simulation, is_shape, is_svg, is_text, is_threeds, is_xml, json_file, new_folder, obj_file, osm_file, pgm_file, property_file, R_file, read, saved_simulation_file, shape_file, step_sub_model, svg_file, text_file, threeds_file, writable, xml_file,

conversation, message,

GamaMetaType

type_of,

add_edge, add_node, adjacency, agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, alpha_index, as_distance_graph, as_edge_graph, as_intersection_graph, as_path, beta_index, betweenness_centrality, biggest_cliques_of, connected_components_of, connectivity_index, contains_edge, contains_vertex, degree_of, directed, edge, edge_between, edge_betweenness, edges, gamma_index, generate_barabasi_albert, generate_complete_graph, generate_watts_strogatz, grid_cells_to_graph, in_degree_of, in_edges_of, layout_circle, layout_force, layout_grid, load_graph_from_file, load_shortest_paths, main_connected_component, max_flow_between, maximal_cliques_of, nb_cycles, neighbors_of, node, nodes, out_degree_of, out_edges_of, path_between, paths_between, predecessors_of, remove_node_from, rewire_n, source_of, spatial_graph, strahler, successors_of, sum, target_of, undirected, use_cache, weight_of, with_optimizer_type, with_weights,

as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, grid_at, path_between,

Iterator operators

accumulate, all_match, as_map, collect, count, create_map, first_with, frequency_of, group_by, index_by, last_with, max_of, mean_of, min_of, none_matches, one_matches, product_of, sort_by, sum_of, variance_of, where, with_max_of, with_min_of,

all_indexes_of, copy_between, index_of, last_index_of,

Logical operators

:, !, ?, add_3Dmodel, add_geometry, add_icon, and, or, xor,

Map comparaison operators

fuzzy_kappa, fuzzy_kappa_sim, kappa, kappa_sim, percent_absolute_deviation,

as_map, create_map, index_of, last_index_of,

Material

material,

-, /, ., *, +, append_horizontally, append_vertically, column_at, columns_list, determinant, eigenvalues, index_of, inverse, last_index_of, row_at, rows_list, shuffle, trace, transpose,

multicriteria operators

electre_DM, evidence_theory_DM, fuzzy_choquet_DM, promethee_DM, weighted_means_DM,

agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, as_path, load_shortest_paths, max_flow_between, path_between, path_to, paths_between, use_cache,

-, /, *, +, <, <=, >, >=, add_point, angle_between, any_location_in, centroid, closest_points_with, farthest_point_to, grid_at, norm, points_along, points_at, points_on,

Random operators

binomial, flip, gamma_density, gamma_rnd, gamma_trunc_rnd, gauss, lognormal_density, lognormal_rnd, lognormal_trunc_rnd, open_simplex_generator, poisson, rnd, rnd_choice, sample, shuffle, simplex_generator, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_density, weibull_rnd, weibull_trunc_rnd,

ReverseOperators

restore_simulation, restore_simulation_from_file, save_agent, save_simulation, serialize, serialize_agent,

Shape

arc, box, circle, cone, cone3D, cross, cube, curve, cylinder, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, geometry_collection, hexagon, line, link, plan, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, sphere, square, squircle, teapot, triangle,

Spatial operators

-, *, +, add_point, agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, angle_between, any_location_in, arc, around, as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_distance, at_location, box, centroid, circle, clean, clean_network, closest_points_with, closest_to, cone, cone3D, convex_hull, covers, cross, crosses, crs, CRS_transform, cube, curve, cylinder, dem, direction_between, disjoint_from, distance_between, distance_to, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, farthest_point_to, farthest_to, geometry_collection, gini, hexagon, hierarchical_clustering, IDW, inside, inter, intersects, inverse_rotation, line, link, masked_by, moran, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, normalized_rotation, overlapping, overlaps, partially_overlaps, path_between, path_to, plan, points_along, points_at, points_on, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, rotated_by, rotation_composition, round, scaled_to, set_z, simple_clustering_by_distance, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, sphere, split_at, split_geometry, split_lines, square, squircle, teapot, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, touches, towards, transformed_by, translated_by, triangle, triangulate, union, using, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,

Spatial properties operators

covers, crosses, intersects, partially_overlaps, touches,

Spatial queries operators

agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, at_distance, closest_to, farthest_to, inside, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, overlapping,

Spatial relations operators

direction_between, distance_between, distance_to, path_between, path_to, towards,

Spatial statistical operators

hierarchical_clustering, simple_clustering_by_distance,

Spatial transformations operators

-, *, +, as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_location, clean, clean_network, convex_hull, CRS_transform, inverse_rotation, normalized_rotation, rotated_by, rotation_composition, scaled_to, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, split_geometry, split_lines, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, transformed_by, translated_by, triangulate, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,

index_of, last_index_of, of_generic_species, of_species,

Statistical operators

auto_correlation, beta, binomial_coeff, binomial_complemented, binomial_sum, build, chi_square, chi_square_complemented, corR, correlation, covariance, dbscan, distribution_of, distribution2d_of, dtw, durbin_watson, frequency_of, gamma, gamma_distribution, gamma_distribution_complemented, geometric_mean, gini, harmonic_mean, hierarchical_clustering, incomplete_beta, incomplete_gamma, incomplete_gamma_complement, kmeans, kurtosis, kurtosis, log_gamma, max, mean, mean_deviation, meanR, median, min, moment, moran, mul, normal_area, normal_density, normal_inverse, predict, pValue_for_fStat, pValue_for_tStat, quantile, quantile_inverse, rank_interpolated, rms, simple_clustering_by_distance, skew, skewness, split, split_in, split_using, standard_deviation, student_area, student_t_inverse, sum, variance, variance,

+, <, <=, >, >=, at, char, contains, contains_all, contains_any, copy_between, date, empty, first, in, indented_by, index_of, is_number, last, last_index_of, length, lower_case, replace, replace_regex, reverse, sample, shuffle, split_with, string, upper_case,

SubModel

load_sub_model,

System

., choose, command, copy, copy_to_clipboard, dead, enter, eval_gaml, every, is_error, is_warning, user_input,

date, string,

action, agent, attributes, BDIPlan, bool, container, emotion, file, float, gaml_type, geometry, graph, int, kml, list, map, material, matrix, mental_state, Norm, pair, path, point, predicate, regression, rgb, Sanction, skill, social_link, topology, unknown,

User control operators

choose, enter, user_input,

Operators

`-`

Possible use:

- (int) ---> int
- (point) ---> point
- (float) ---> float
point - int ---> point
- (point , int) ---> point
species - agent ---> list
- (species , agent) ---> list
date - int ---> date
- (date , int) ---> date
point - float ---> point
- (point , float) ---> point
geometry - container<unknown,geometry> ---> geometry
- (geometry , container<unknown,geometry>) ---> geometry
int - int ---> int
- (int , int) ---> int
geometry - geometry ---> geometry
- (geometry , geometry) ---> geometry
list - unknown ---> list
- (list , unknown) ---> list
int - matrix ---> matrix
- (int , matrix) ---> matrix
float - int ---> float
- (float , int) ---> float
matrix<unknown> - int ---> matrix
- (matrix<unknown> , int) ---> matrix
date - date ---> float
- (date , date) ---> float
map - pair ---> map
- (map , pair) ---> map
date - float ---> date
- (date , float) ---> date
rgb - int ---> rgb
- (rgb , int) ---> rgb
matrix<unknown> - matrix ---> matrix
- (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
geometry - float ---> geometry
- (geometry , float) ---> geometry
int - float ---> float
- (int , float) ---> float
float - matrix ---> matrix
- (float , matrix) ---> matrix
point - point ---> point
- (point , point) ---> point
container - container ---> list
- (container , container) ---> list
float - float ---> float
- (float , float) ---> float
map - map ---> map
- (map , map) ---> map
rgb - rgb ---> rgb
- (rgb , rgb) ---> rgb
matrix<unknown> - float ---> matrix
- (matrix<unknown> , float) ---> matrix

Result:

Returns the difference of the two operands. If it is used as an unary operator, it returns the opposite of the operand.

Comment:

The behavior of the operator depends on the type of the operands.

Special cases:

if the left operand is a species and the right operand is an agent of the species, - returns a list containing all the agents of the species minus this agent
if both operands are containers and the right operand is empty, - returns the left operand
if one of the operands is a date and the other a number, returns a date corresponding to the date minus the given number as duration (in seconds)

 
date var18 <- date('2000-01-01') - 86400; // var18 equals date('1999-12-31')

if left-hand operand is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a new point with each coordinate as the difference of the operand coordinate with this number.

 
point var19 <- {1, 2} - 4.5; // var19 equals {-3.5, -2.5, -4.5} 
point var20 <- {1, 2} - 4; // var20 equals {-3.0,-2.0,-4.0}

if the right-operand is a list of points, geometries or agents, returns the geometry resulting from the difference between the left-geometry and all of the right-geometries

 
geometry var21 <- rectangle(10,10) - [circle(2), square(2)]; // var21 equals rectangle(10,10) - (circle(2) + square(2))

if both operands are numbers, performs a normal arithmetic difference and returns a float if one of them is a float.

 
int var22 <- 1 - 1; // var22 equals 0

if both operands are a point, a geometry or an agent, returns the geometry resulting from the difference between both geometries

 
geometry var23 <- geom1 - geom2; // var23 equals a geometry corresponding to difference between geom1 and geom2

if the left operand is a list and the right operand is an object of any type (except list), - returns a list containing the elements of the left operand minus the first occurence of this object

 
list<int> var24 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,2] - 2; // var24 equals [1,3,4,5,6,2] 
list<int> var25 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - 0; // var25 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6]

if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic difference of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.

 
matrix var26 <- 3.5 - matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var26 equals matrix([[1.5,-1.5],[0.5,-0.5]])

if both operands are dates, returns the duration in seconds between date2 and date1. To obtain a more precise duration, in milliseconds, use milliseconds_between(date1, date2)

 
float var27 <- date('2000-01-02') - date('2000-01-01'); // var27 equals 86400

if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the subtraction of each component of the color with the right operand

 
rgb var28 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) - 3; // var28 equals rgb([252,125,29])

if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) reduced by the right-hand operand distance

 
geometry var29 <- shape - 5; // var29 equals a geometry corresponding to the geometry of the agent applying the operator reduced by a distance of 5

if both operands are points, returns their difference (coordinates per coordinates).

 
point var30 <- {1, 2} - {4, 5}; // var30 equals {-3.0, -3.0}

if both operands are containers, returns a new list in which all the elements of the right operand have been removed from the left one

 
list<int> var31 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - [2,4,9]; // var31 equals [1,3,5,6] 
list<int> var32 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - [0,8]; // var32 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6]

if both operands are colors, returns a new color resulting from the subtraction of the two operands, component by component

 
rgb var33 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) - rgb('red'); // var33 equals rgb([0,128,32])

Examples:

 
int var0 <- - (-56); // var0 equals 56 
point var1 <- {2.0,3.0,4.0} - 1; // var1 equals {1.0,2.0,3.0} 
point var2 <- -{3.0,5.0}; // var2 equals {-3.0,-5.0} 
point var3 <- -{1.0,6.0,7.0}; // var3 equals {-1.0,-6.0,-7.0} 
float var4 <- 1.0 - 1; // var4 equals 0.0 
float var5 <- 3.7 - 1; // var5 equals 2.7 
float var6 <- 3.0 - 1; // var6 equals 2.0 
map var7 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ('b'::2); // var7 equals ['a'::1] 
map var8 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ('c'::3); // var8 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2] 
date var9 <- date('2000-01-01') - 86400; // var9 equals date('1999-12-31') 
float var10 <- 1 - 1.0; // var10 equals 0.0 
float var11 <- 3 - 1.2; // var11 equals 1.8 
matrix var12 <- (10.0 - (3.0 as_matrix({2,3}))); // var12 equals matrix([[7.0,7.0,7.0],[7.0,7.0,7.0]]) 
float var13 <- 1.0 - 1.0; // var13 equals 0.0 
float var14 <- 3.7 - 1.2; // var14 equals 2.5 
float var15 <- 3.0 - 1.2; // var15 equals 1.8 
map var16 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ['b'::2]; // var16 equals ['a'::1] 
map var17 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ['b'::2,'c'::3]; // var17 equals ['a'::1]

`:`

Possible use:

unknown : unknown ---> unknown
: (unknown , unknown) ---> unknown

Result:

It is used in combination with the ? operator. If the left-hand of ? operand evaluates to true, returns the value of the left-hand operand of the :, otherwise that of the right-hand operand of the :

Examples:

 
list<string> var0 <- [10, 19, 43, 12, 7, 22] collect ((each > 20) ? 'above' : 'below'); // var0 equals ['below', 'below', 'above', 'below', 'below', 'above']

`::`

Possible use:

any expression :: any expression ---> pair
:: (any expression , any expression) ---> pair

Result:

produces a new pair combining the left and the right operands

Special cases:

nil is not acceptable as a key (although it is as a value). If such a case happens, :: will throw an appropriate error

`!`

Possible use:

! (bool) ---> bool

Result:

opposite boolean value.

Special cases:

if the parameter is not boolean, it is casted to a boolean value.

Examples:

 
bool var0 <- ! (true); // var0 equals false

`!=`

Possible use:

unknown != unknown ---> bool
!= (unknown , unknown) ---> bool
float != int ---> bool
!= (float , int) ---> bool
int != float ---> bool
!= (int , float) ---> bool
date != date ---> bool
!= (date , date) ---> bool
float != float ---> bool
!= (float , float) ---> bool

Result:

true if both operands are different, false otherwise

Examples:

 
bool var0 <- [2,3] != [2,3]; // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- [2,4] != [2,3]; // var1 equals true 
bool var2 <- 3.0 != 3; // var2 equals false 
bool var3 <- 4.7 != 4; // var3 equals true 
bool var4 <- 3 != 3.0; // var4 equals false 
bool var5 <- 4 != 4.7; // var5 equals true 
bool var6 <- #now != #now minus_hours 1; // var6 equals true 
bool var7 <- 3.0 != 3.0; // var7 equals false 
bool var8 <- 4.0 != 4.7; // var8 equals true

`?`

Possible use:

bool ? any expression ---> unknown
? (bool , any expression) ---> unknown

Result:

It is used in combination with the : operator: if the left-hand operand evaluates to true, returns the value of the left-hand operand of the :, otherwise that of the right-hand operand of the :

Comment:

These functional tests can be combined together.

Examples:

 
list<string> var0 <- [10, 19, 43, 12, 7, 22] collect ((each > 20) ? 'above' : 'below'); // var0 equals ['below', 'below', 'above', 'below', 'below', 'above'] 
rgb col <- (flip(0.3) ? #red : (flip(0.9) ? #blue : #green));

`/`

Possible use:

float / int ---> float
/ (float , int) ---> float
rgb / int ---> rgb
/ (rgb , int) ---> rgb
matrix<unknown> / matrix ---> matrix
/ (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
int / int ---> float
/ (int , int) ---> float
float / float ---> float
/ (float , float) ---> float
matrix<unknown> / int ---> matrix
/ (matrix<unknown> , int) ---> matrix
point / float ---> point
/ (point , float) ---> point
rgb / float ---> rgb
/ (rgb , float) ---> rgb
point / int ---> point
/ (point , int) ---> point
matrix<unknown> / float ---> matrix
/ (matrix<unknown> , float) ---> matrix
int / float ---> float
/ (int , float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the division of the two operands.

Special cases:

if the right-hand operand is equal to zero, raises a "Division by zero" exception
if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the division of each component of the color by the right operand

 
rgb var0 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) / 2; // var0 equals rgb([127,64,16])

if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic division and returns a float.

 
float var1 <- 3 / 5.0; // var1 equals 0.6

if the left operand is a point, returns a new point with coordinates divided by the right operand

 
point var2 <- {5, 7.5} / 2.5; // var2 equals {2, 3} 
point var3 <- {2,5} / 4; // var3 equals {0.5,1.25}

if one operand is a color and the other a double, returns a new color resulting from the division of each component of the color by the right operand. The result on each component is then truncated.

 
rgb var4 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) / 2.5; // var4 equals rgb([102,51,13])

`.`

Possible use:

matrix<unknown> . matrix ---> matrix
. (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
agent . any expression ---> unknown
. (agent , any expression) ---> unknown

Result:

It has two different uses: it can be the dot product between 2 matrices or return an evaluation of the expression (right-hand operand) in the scope the given agent.

Special cases:

if the agent is nil or dead, throws an exception
if both operands are matrix, returns the dot product of them

 
matrix var0 <- matrix([[1,1],[1,2]]) . matrix([[1,1],[1,2]]); // var0 equals matrix([[2,3],[3,5]])

if the left operand is an agent, it evaluates of the expression (right-hand operand) in the scope the given agent

 
unknown var1 <- agent1.location; // var1 equals the location of the agent agent1

`^`

Possible use:

float ^ int ---> float
^ (float , int) ---> float
int ^ float ---> float
^ (int , float) ---> float
int ^ int ---> float
^ (int , int) ---> float
float ^ float ---> float
^ (float , float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the value (always a float) of the left operand raised to the power of the right operand.

Special cases:

if the right-hand operand is equal to 0, returns 1
if it is equal to 1, returns the left-hand operand.
Various examples of power

 
float var0 <- 2 ^ 3; // var0 equals 8.0

Examples:

 
float var1 <- 4.84 ^ 0.5; // var1 equals 2.2

`@`

Same signification as at

`*`

Possible use:

float * int ---> float
* (float , int) ---> float
rgb * int ---> rgb
* (rgb , int) ---> rgb
float * matrix ---> matrix
* (float , matrix) ---> matrix
int * int ---> int
* (int , int) ---> int
int * matrix ---> matrix
* (int , matrix) ---> matrix
geometry * point ---> geometry
* (geometry , point) ---> geometry
point * int ---> point
* (point , int) ---> point
matrix<unknown> * int ---> matrix
* (matrix<unknown> , int) ---> matrix
point * float ---> point
* (point , float) ---> point
matrix<unknown> * float ---> matrix
* (matrix<unknown> , float) ---> matrix
geometry * float ---> geometry
* (geometry , float) ---> geometry
int * float ---> float
* (int , float) ---> float
matrix<unknown> * matrix ---> matrix
* (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
float * float ---> float
* (float , float) ---> float
point * point ---> float
* (point , point) ---> float

Result:

Returns the product of the two operands.

Special cases:

if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the product of each component of the color with the right operand (with a maximum value at 255)

 
rgb var1 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) * 2; // var1 equals rgb([255,255,64])

if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic product and returns a float if one of them is a float.

 
int var2 <- 1 * 1; // var2 equals 1

if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic product of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.

 
matrix var3 <- 2 * matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var3 equals matrix([[4,10],[6,8]])

if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a point, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) scaled by the right-hand operand coefficients in the 3 dimensions

 
geometry var4 <- shape * {0.5,0.5,2}; // var4 equals a geometry corresponding to the geometry of the agent applying the operator scaled by a coefficient of 0.5 in x, 0.5 in y and 2 in z

if the left-hand operator is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a point with coordinates multiplied by the number

 
point var5 <- {2,5} * 4; // var5 equals {8.0, 20.0} 
point var6 <- {2, 4} * 2.5; // var6 equals {5.0, 10.0}

if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) scaled by the right-hand operand coefficient

 
geometry var7 <- circle(10) * 2; // var7 equals circle(20) 
geometry var8 <- (circle(10) * 2).location with_precision 9; // var8 equals (circle(20)).location with_precision 9 
float var9 <- (circle(10) * 2).height with_precision 9; // var9 equals (circle(20)).height with_precision 9

if both operands are points, returns their scalar product

 
float var10 <- {2,5} * {4.5, 5}; // var10 equals 34.0

Examples:

 
float var0 <- 2.5 * 2; // var0 equals 5.0

`+`

Possible use:

rgb + rgb ---> rgb
+ (rgb , rgb) ---> rgb
string + unknown ---> string
+ (string , unknown) ---> string
float + matrix ---> matrix
+ (float , matrix) ---> matrix
date + string ---> string
+ (date , string) ---> string
matrix<unknown> + float ---> matrix
+ (matrix<unknown> , float) ---> matrix
matrix<unknown> + int ---> matrix
+ (matrix<unknown> , int) ---> matrix
container + container ---> container
+ (container , container) ---> container
geometry + float ---> geometry
+ (geometry , float) ---> geometry
int + matrix ---> matrix
+ (int , matrix) ---> matrix
string + string ---> string
+ (string , string) ---> string
date + float ---> date
+ (date , float) ---> date
float + float ---> float
+ (float , float) ---> float
point + int ---> point
+ (point , int) ---> point
matrix<unknown> + matrix ---> matrix
+ (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
int + int ---> int
+ (int , int) ---> int
rgb + int ---> rgb
+ (rgb , int) ---> rgb
map + pair ---> map
+ (map , pair) ---> map
geometry + geometry ---> geometry
+ (geometry , geometry) ---> geometry
float + int ---> float
+ (float , int) ---> float
point + float ---> point
+ (point , float) ---> point
container + unknown ---> list
+ (container , unknown) ---> list
point + point ---> point
+ (point , point) ---> point
map + map ---> map
+ (map , map) ---> map
date + int ---> date
+ (date , int) ---> date
int + float ---> float
+ (int , float) ---> float
+ (geometry, float, int) ---> geometry
+ (geometry, float, int, int) ---> geometry

Result:

Returns the sum, union or concatenation of the two operands.

Special cases:

if one of the operands is nil, + throws an error
if both operands are species, returns a special type of list called meta-population
if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float, an integer and one of #round, #square or #flat, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), using a number of segments equal to the second right-hand operand and a flat, square or round end cap style

 
geometry var9 <- circle(5) + (5,32,#round); // var9 equals circle(10)

if both operands are colors, returns a new color resulting from the sum of the two operands, component by component

 
rgb var10 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) + rgb('red'); // var10 equals rgb([255,128,32])

if the left-hand operand is a string, returns the concatenation of the two operands (the left-hand one beind casted into a string)

 
string var11 <- "hello " + 12; // var11 equals "hello 12"

if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float and an integer, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), using a number of segments equal to the second right-hand operand

 
geometry var12 <- circle(5) + (5,32); // var12 equals circle(10)

if both operands are list, +returns the concatenation of both lists.

 
list<int> var13 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + [2,4,9]; // var13 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,2,4,9] 
list<int> var14 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + [0,8]; // var14 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,0,8]

if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the right-hand operand distance. The number of segments used by default is 8 and the end cap style is #round

 
geometry var15 <- circle(5) + 5; // var15 equals circle(10)

if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic sum of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.

 
matrix var16 <- 3.5 + matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var16 equals matrix([[5.5,8.5],[6.5,7.5]])

if the left-hand and right-hand operand are a string, returns the concatenation of the two operands

 
string var17 <- "hello " + "World"; // var17 equals "hello World"

if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic sum and returns a float if one of them is a float.

 
int var18 <- 1 + 1; // var18 equals 2

if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the sum of each component of the color with the right operand

 
rgb var19 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) + 3; // var19 equals rgb([255,131,35])

if the right-operand is a point, a geometry or an agent, returns the geometry resulting from the union between both geometries

 
geometry var20 <- geom1 + geom2; // var20 equals a geometry corresponding to union between geom1 and geom2

if the left-hand operand is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a new point with each coordinate as the sum of the operand coordinate with this number.

 
point var21 <- {1, 2} + 4.5; // var21 equals {5.5, 6.5,4.5}

if the right operand is an object of any type (except a container), + returns a list of the elements of the left operand, to which this object has been added

 
list<int> var22 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + 2; // var22 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,2] 
list<int> var23 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + 0; // var23 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,0]

if both operands are points, returns their sum.

 
point var24 <- {1, 2} + {4, 5}; // var24 equals {5.0, 7.0}

if one of the operands is a date and the other a number, returns a date corresponding to the date plus the given number as duration (in seconds)

 
date var25 <- date('2000-01-01') + 86400; // var25 equals date('2000-01-02')

Examples:

 
string var0 <- date('2000-01-01 00:00:00') + '_Test'; // var0 equals '2000-01-01 00:00:00_Test' 
date var1 <- date('2016-01-01 00:00:01') + 86400; // var1 equals date('2016-01-02 00:00:01') 
point var2 <- {1, 2} + 4; // var2 equals {5.0, 6.0,4.0} 
map var3 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ('c'::3); // var3 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3] 
map var4 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ('c'::3); // var4 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3] 
float var5 <- 1.0 + 1; // var5 equals 2.0 
float var6 <- 1.0 + 2.5; // var6 equals 3.5 
map var7 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ['c'::3]; // var7 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3] 
map var8 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + [5::3.0]; // var8 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,5::3.0]

`<`

Possible use:

float < float ---> bool
< (float , float) ---> bool
string < string ---> bool
< (string , string) ---> bool
float < int ---> bool
< (float , int) ---> bool
int < float ---> bool
< (int , float) ---> bool
point < point ---> bool
< (point , point) ---> bool
date < date ---> bool
< (date , date) ---> bool
int < int ---> bool
< (int , int) ---> bool

Result:

true if the left-hand operand is less than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.

Special cases:

if one of the operands is nil, returns false
if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings

 
bool var0 <- 'abc' < 'aeb'; // var0 equals true

if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if less than or equal to x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.

 
bool var1 <- {5,7} < {4,6}; // var1 equals false 
bool var2 <- {5,7} < {4,8}; // var2 equals false

Examples:

 
bool var3 <- 3.5 < 7.6; // var3 equals true 
bool var4 <- 3.5 < 7; // var4 equals true 
bool var5 <- 3 < 2.5; // var5 equals false 
bool var6 <- #now < #now minus_hours 1; // var6 equals false 
bool var7 <- 3 < 7; // var7 equals true

`<=`

Possible use:

string <= string ---> bool
<= (string , string) ---> bool
float <= float ---> bool
<= (float , float) ---> bool
float <= int ---> bool
<= (float , int) ---> bool
int <= int ---> bool
<= (int , int) ---> bool
int <= float ---> bool
<= (int , float) ---> bool
date <= date ---> bool
<= (date , date) ---> bool
point <= point ---> bool
<= (point , point) ---> bool

Result:

true if the left-hand operand is less or equal than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.

Special cases:

if one of the operands is nil, returns false
if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings

 
bool var5 <- 'abc' <= 'aeb'; // var5 equals true

if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if less than or equal to x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.

 
bool var6 <- {5,7} <= {4,6}; // var6 equals false 
bool var7 <- {5,7} <= {4,8}; // var7 equals false

Examples:

 
bool var0 <- 3.5 <= 3.5; // var0 equals true 
bool var1 <- 7.0 <= 7; // var1 equals true 
bool var2 <- 3 <= 7; // var2 equals true 
bool var3 <- 3 <= 2.5; // var3 equals false 
bool var4 <- (#now <= (#now minus_hours 1)); // var4 equals false

`=`

Possible use:

date = date ---> bool
= (date , date) ---> bool
int = int ---> bool
= (int , int) ---> bool
float = float ---> bool
= (float , float) ---> bool
unknown = unknown ---> bool
= (unknown , unknown) ---> bool
float = int ---> bool
= (float , int) ---> bool
int = float ---> bool
= (int , float) ---> bool

Result:

returns true if both operands are equal, false otherwise returns true if both operands are equal, false otherwise

Special cases:

if both operands are any kind of objects, returns true if they are identical (i.e., the same object) or equal (comparisons between nil values are permitted)

 
bool var0 <- [2,3] = [2,3]; // var0 equals true

Examples:

 
bool var1 <- #now = #now minus_hours 1; // var1 equals false 
bool var2 <- 4 = 5; // var2 equals false 
bool var3 <- 4.5 = 4.7; // var3 equals false 
bool var4 <- 4.7 = 4; // var4 equals false 
bool var5 <- 3 = 3.0; // var5 equals true 
bool var6 <- 4 = 4.7; // var6 equals false

`>`

Possible use:

float > int ---> bool
> (float , int) ---> bool
string > string ---> bool
> (string , string) ---> bool
point > point ---> bool
> (point , point) ---> bool
int > float ---> bool
> (int , float) ---> bool
float > float ---> bool
> (float , float) ---> bool
int > int ---> bool
> (int , int) ---> bool
date > date ---> bool
> (date , date) ---> bool

Result:

true if the left-hand operand is greater than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.

Special cases:

if one of the operands is nil, returns false
if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings

 
bool var0 <- 'abc' > 'aeb'; // var0 equals false

if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if greater than x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than y of the right one.

 
bool var1 <- {5,7} > {4,6}; // var1 equals true 
bool var2 <- {5,7} > {4,8}; // var2 equals false

Examples:

 
bool var3 <- 3.5 > 7; // var3 equals false 
bool var4 <- 3 > 2.5; // var4 equals true 
bool var5 <- 3.5 > 7.6; // var5 equals false 
bool var6 <- 13.0 > 7.0; // var6 equals true 
bool var7 <- (#now > (#now minus_hours 1)); // var7 equals true

`>=`

Possible use:

date >= date ---> bool
>= (date , date) ---> bool
float >= float ---> bool
>= (float , float) ---> bool
int >= int ---> bool
>= (int , int) ---> bool
string >= string ---> bool
>= (string , string) ---> bool
point >= point ---> bool
>= (point , point) ---> bool
int >= float ---> bool
>= (int , float) ---> bool
float >= int ---> bool
>= (float , int) ---> bool

Result:

true if the left-hand operand is greater or equal than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.

Special cases:

if one of the operands is nil, returns false
if both operands are string, uses a lexicographic comparison of the two strings

 
bool var0 <- 'abc' >= 'aeb'; // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- 'abc' >= 'abc'; // var1 equals true

if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if greater or equal than x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.

 
bool var2 <- {5,7} >= {4,6}; // var2 equals true 
bool var3 <- {5,7} >= {4,8}; // var3 equals false

Examples:

 
bool var4 <- #now >= #now minus_hours 1; // var4 equals true 
bool var5 <- 3.5 >= 3.5; // var5 equals true 
bool var6 <- 3 >= 7; // var6 equals false 
bool var7 <- 3 >= 2.5; // var7 equals true 
bool var8 <- 3.5 >= 7; // var8 equals false

`abs`

Possible use:

abs (float) ---> float
abs (int) ---> int

Result:

Returns the absolute value of the operand (so a positive int or float depending on the type of the operand).

Examples:

 
float var0 <- abs (200 * -1 + 0.5); // var0 equals 199.5 
int var1 <- abs (-10); // var1 equals 10 
int var2 <- abs (10); // var2 equals 10

`accumulate`

Possible use:

container accumulate any expression ---> list
accumulate (container , any expression) ---> list

Result:

returns a new flat list, in which each element is the evaluation of the right-hand operand. If this evaluation returns a list, the elements of this result are added directly to the list returned

Comment:

accumulate is dedicated to the application of a same computation on each element of a container (and returns a list). In the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the left-hand operand elements.

Examples:

 
list var0 <- [a1,a2,a3] accumulate (each neighbors_at 10); // var0 equals a flat list of all the neighbors of these three agents 
list<int> var1 <- [1,2,4] accumulate ([2,4]); // var1 equals [2,4,2,4,2,4] 
list<int> var2 <- [1,2,4] accumulate (each * 2); // var2 equals [2,4,8]

`acos`

Possible use:

acos (int) ---> float
acos (float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the value (in the interval [0,180], in decimal degrees) of the arccos of the operand (which should be in [-1,1]).

Special cases:

if the right-hand operand is outside of the [-1,1] interval, returns NaN

Examples:

 
float var0 <- acos (0); // var0 equals 90.0

`action`

Possible use:

action (any) ---> action

`add_3Dmodel`

Possible use:

add_3Dmodel (kml, point, float, float, string) ---> kml
add_3Dmodel (kml, point, float, float, string, date, date) ---> kml

Result:

the kml export manager with new 3D model: take the following argument: (kml, location (point),orientation (float), scale (float), file_path (string)) the kml export manager with new 3D model: take the following argument: (kml, location (point),orientation (float), scale (float), file_path (string), begin date, end date)

`add_days`

Same signification as plus_days

`add_edge`

Possible use:

graph add_edge pair ---> graph
add_edge (graph , pair) ---> graph

Result:

add an edge between a source vertex and a target vertex (resp. the left and the right element of the pair operand)

Comment:

WARNING / side effect: this operator modifies the operand and does not create a new graph. If the edge already exists, the graph is unchanged

Examples:

 
graph <- graph add_edge (source::target);

`add_geometry`

Possible use:

add_geometry (kml, geometry, float, rgb) ---> kml
add_geometry (kml, geometry, rgb, rgb) ---> kml
add_geometry (kml, geometry, float, rgb, rgb) ---> kml
add_geometry (kml, geometry, float, rgb, rgb, date) ---> kml
add_geometry (kml, geometry, float, rgb, rgb, date, date) ---> kml

Result:

the kml export manager with new geometry: take the following argument: (kml, geometry,linewidth, linecolor,fillcolor) the kml export manager with new geometry: take the following argument: (kml, geometry,linewidth, color) the kml export manager with new geometry: take the following argument: (kml, geometry,linewidth, linecolor,fillcolor, end date) the kml export manager with new geometry: take the following argument: (kml, geometry, linecolor,fillcolor) the kml export manager with new geometry: take the following argument: (kml, geometry,linewidth, linecolor,fillcolor, begin date, end date)

`add_hours`

Same signification as plus_hours

`add_icon`

Possible use:

add_icon (kml, point, float, float, string) ---> kml
add_icon (kml, point, float, float, string, date, date) ---> kml

Result:

the kml export manager with new icons: take the following argument: (kml, location (point),orientation (float), scale (float), file_path (string), begin date, end date) the kml export manager with new icons: take the following argument: (kml, location (point),orientation (float), scale (float), file_path (string))

`add_minutes`

Same signification as plus_minutes

`add_months`

Same signification as plus_months

`add_ms`

Same signification as plus_ms

`add_node`

Possible use:

graph add_node geometry ---> graph
add_node (graph , geometry) ---> graph

Result:

adds a node in a graph.

Comment:

WARNING / side effect: this operator modifies the operand and does not create a new graph

Examples:

 
graph var0 <- graph add_node node(0) ; // var0 equals the graph, to which node(0) has been added

`add_point`

Possible use:

geometry add_point point ---> geometry
add_point (geometry , point) ---> geometry

Result:

A new geometry resulting from the addition of the right point (coordinate) to the left-hand geometry. Note that adding a point to a line or polyline will always return a closed contour. Also note that the position at which the added point will appear in the geometry is not necessarily the last one, as points are always ordered in a clockwise fashion in geometries

Examples:

 
geometry var0 <- polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20}]) add_point {20,10}; // var0 equals polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20},{20,10}])

`add_seconds`

Same signification as +

`add_values`

Possible use:

predicate add_values map ---> predicate
add_values (predicate , map) ---> predicate

Result:

add a new value to the map of the given predicate

Examples:

 
predicate add_values ["time"::10]

`add_weeks`

Same signification as plus_weeks

`add_years`

Same signification as plus_years

`adjacency`

Possible use:

adjacency (graph) ---> matrix<float>

Result:

adjacency matrix of the given graph.

`after`

Possible use:

after (date) ---> bool
any expression after date ---> bool
after (any expression , date) ---> bool

Result:

Returns true if the current_date of the model is strictly after the date passed in argument. Synonym of 'current_date > argument'. Can be used in its composed form with 2 arguments to express the lower boundary for the computation of a frequency. Note that only dates strictly after this one will be tested against the frequency

Examples:

 
reflex when: after(starting_date) {} 	// this reflex will always be run after the first step 
reflex when: false after(starting date + #10days) {} 	// This reflex will not be run after this date. Better to use 'until' or 'before' in that case 
every(2#days) after (starting_date + 1#day) 	// the computation will return true every two days (using the starting_date of the model as the starting point) only for the dates strictly after this starting_date + 1#day

`agent`

Possible use:

agent (any) ---> agent

`agent_closest_to`

Possible use:

agent_closest_to (unknown) ---> agent

Result:

An agent, the closest to the operand (casted as a geometry).

Comment:

the distance is computed in the topology of the calling agent (the agent in which this operator is used), with the distance algorithm specific to the topology.

Examples:

 
agent var0 <- agent_closest_to(self); // var0 equals the closest agent to the agent applying the operator.

`agent_farthest_to`

Possible use:

agent_farthest_to (unknown) ---> agent

Result:

An agent, the farthest to the operand (casted as a geometry).

Comment:

the distance is computed in the topology of the calling agent (the agent in which this operator is used), with the distance algorithm specific to the topology.

Examples:

 
agent var0 <- agent_farthest_to(self); // var0 equals the farthest agent to the agent applying the operator.

`agent_from_geometry`

Possible use:

path agent_from_geometry geometry ---> agent
agent_from_geometry (path , geometry) ---> agent

Result:

returns the agent corresponding to given geometry (right-hand operand) in the given path (left-hand operand).

Special cases:

if the left-hand operand is nil, returns nil

Examples:

 
geometry line <- one_of(path_followed.segments); 
road ag <- road(path_followed agent_from_geometry line);

`agents_at_distance`

Possible use:

agents_at_distance (float) ---> list

Result:

A list of agents situated at a distance lower than the right argument.

Examples:

 
list var0 <- agents_at_distance(20); // var0 equals all the agents (excluding the caller) which distance to the caller is lower than 20

`agents_inside`

Possible use:

agents_inside (unknown) ---> list<agent>

Result:

A list of agents covered by the operand (casted as a geometry).

Examples:

 
list<agent> var0 <- agents_inside(self); // var0 equals the agents that are covered by the shape of the agent applying the operator.

`agents_overlapping`

Possible use:

agents_overlapping (unknown) ---> list<agent>

Result:

A list of agents overlapping the operand (casted as a geometry).

Examples:

 
list<agent> var0 <- agents_overlapping(self); // var0 equals the agents that overlap the shape of the agent applying the operator.

`all_indexes_of`

Possible use:

list all_indexes_of unknown ---> list
all_indexes_of (list , unknown) ---> list

Result:

all the index of all the occurences of the right operand in the left operand container

Comment:

The definition of all_indexes_of and the type of the index depend on the container

Special cases:

if the left operand is a list, all_indexes_of returns a list of all the indexes as integers

 
list var0 <- [1,2,3,1,2,3] all_indexes_of 1; // var0 equals [0,3] 
list var1 <- [1,2,3,1,2,3] all_indexes_of 4; // var1 equals []

`all_match`

Possible use:

container all_match any expression ---> bool
all_match (container , any expression) ---> bool

Result:

Returns true if all the elements of the left-hand operand make the right-hand operand evaluate to true. Returns true if the left-hand operand is empty. 'c all_match each.property' is strictly equivalent to '(c count each.property) = length(c)' but faster in most cases (as it is a shortcircuited operator)

Comment:

in the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the elements.

Special cases:

if the left-hand operand is nil, all_match throws an error

Examples:

 
bool var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] all_match (each > 3); // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- [1::2, 3::4, 5::6] all_match (each > 4); // var1 equals false

`all_pairs_shortest_path`

Possible use:

all_pairs_shortest_path (graph) ---> matrix<int>

Result:

returns the successor matrix of shortest paths between all node pairs (rows: source, columns: target): a cell (i,j) will thus contains the next node in the shortest path between i and j.

Examples:

 
matrix<int> var0 <- all_pairs_shortest_paths(my_graph); // var0 equals shortest_paths_matrix will contain all pairs of shortest paths

`all_verify`

Same signification as all_match

`alpha_index`

Possible use:

alpha_index (graph) ---> float

Result:

returns the alpha index of the graph (measure of connectivity which evaluates the number of cycles in a graph in comparison with the maximum number of cycles. The higher the alpha index, the more a network is connected: alpha = nb_cycles / (2*S-5) - planar graph)

Examples:

 
float var1 <- alpha_index(graphEpidemio); // var1 equals the alpha index of the graph

`among`

Possible use:

int among container ---> list
among (int , container) ---> list

Result:

Returns a list of length the value of the left-hand operand, containing random elements from the right-hand operand. As of GAMA 1.6, the order in which the elements are returned can be different than the order in which they appear in the right-hand container

Special cases:

if the right-hand operand is empty, among returns a new empty list. If it is nil, it throws an error.
if the left-hand operand is greater than the length of the right-hand operand, among returns the right-hand operand (converted as a list). If it is smaller or equal to zero, it returns an empty list

Examples:

 
list<int> var0 <- 3 among [1,2,4,3,5,7,6,8]; // var0 equals [1,2,8] (for example) 
list var1 <- 3 among g2; // var1 equals [node6,node11,node7] 
list var2 <- 3 among list(node); // var2 equals [node1,node11,node4] 
list<int> var3 <- 1 among [1::2,3::4]; // var3 equals 2 or 4

`and`

Possible use:

bool and any expression ---> bool
and (bool , any expression) ---> bool

Result:

a bool value, equal to the logical and between the left-hand operand and the right-hand operand.

Comment:

both operands are always casted to bool before applying the operator. Thus, an expression like (1 and 0) is accepted and returns false.

Examples:

 
bool var0 <- true and false; // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- false and false; // var1 equals false 
bool var2 <- false and true; // var2 equals false 
bool var3 <- true and true; // var3 equals true 
 int a <-3 ; int b <- 4; int c <- 7; 
bool var5 <- ((a+b) = c ) and ((a+b) > c ); // var5 equals false

`and`

Possible use:

predicate and predicate ---> predicate
and (predicate , predicate) ---> predicate

Result:

create a new predicate from two others by including them as subintentions

Examples:

 
predicate1 and predicate2

`angle_between`

Possible use:

angle_between (point, point, point) ---> float

Result:

the angle between vectors P0P1 and P0P2 (P0, P1, P2 being the three point operands)

Examples:

 
float var0 <- angle_between({5,5},{10,5},{5,10}); // var0 equals 90

`any`

Same signification as one_of

`any_location_in`

Possible use:

any_location_in (geometry) ---> point

Result:

A point inside (or touching) the operand-geometry.

Examples:

 
point var0 <- any_location_in(square(5)); // var0 equals a point in the square, for example : {3,4.6}.

`any_point_in`

Same signification as any_location_in

`append_horizontally`

Possible use:

matrix<unknown> append_horizontally matrix ---> matrix
append_horizontally (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
matrix<unknown> append_horizontally matrix ---> matrix
append_horizontally (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix

Result:

A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the rows of the two given matrices. If not both numerical or both object matrices, returns the first matrix. A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the rows of the two given matrices.

Examples:

 
matrix var0 <- matrix([[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]]) append_horizontally matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]); // var0 equals matrix([[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0],[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]]) 
matrix var1 <- matrix([[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]]) append_horizontally matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]); // var1 equals matrix([[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0],[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]])

`append_vertically`

Possible use:

matrix<unknown> append_vertically matrix ---> matrix
append_vertically (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix
matrix<unknown> append_vertically matrix ---> matrix
append_vertically (matrix<unknown> , matrix) ---> matrix

Result:

A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the columns of the two given matrices. A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the columns of the two given matrices. If not both numerical or both object matrices, returns the first matrix.

Examples:

 
matrix var0 <- matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]) append_vertically matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]); // var0 equals matrix([[1,2,1,2],[3,4,3,4]]) 
matrix var1 <- matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]) append_vertically matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]); // var1 equals matrix([[1,2,1,2],[3,4,3,4]])

`arc`

Possible use:

arc (float, float, float) ---> geometry
arc (float, float, float, bool) ---> geometry

Result:

An arc, which radius is equal to the first operand, heading to the second and amplitude the third An arc, which radius is equal to the first operand, heading to the second, amplitude to the third and a boolean indicating whether to return a linestring or a polygon to the fourth

Comment:

the center of the arc is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator. This operator returns a polygon by default.the center of the arc is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator.

Special cases:

returns a point if the radius operand is lower or equal to 0.
returns a point if the radius operand is lower or equal to 0.

Examples:

 
geometry var0 <- arc(4,45,90); // var0 equals a geometry as an arc of radius 4, in a direction of 45° and an amplitude of 90° 
geometry var1 <- arc(4,45,90, false); // var1 equals a geometry as an arc of radius 4, in a direction of 45° and an amplitude of 90°, which only contains the points on the arc

`around`

Possible use:

float around unknown ---> geometry
around (float , unknown) ---> geometry

Result:

A geometry resulting from the difference between a buffer around the right-operand casted in geometry at a distance left-operand (right-operand buffer left-operand) and the right-operand casted as geometry.

Special cases:

returns a circle geometry of radius right-operand if the left-operand is nil

Examples:

 
geometry var0 <- 10 around circle(5); // var0 equals the ring geometry between 5 and 10.

`as`

Possible use:

unknown as any GAML type ---> unknown
as (unknown , any GAML type) ---> unknown

Result:

casting of the first argument into a given type

Comment:

It is equivalent to the application of the type operator on the left operand.

Examples:

 
int var0 <- 3.5 as int; // var0 equals int(3.5)

`as_4_grid`

Possible use:

geometry as_4_grid point ---> matrix
as_4_grid (geometry , point) ---> matrix

Result:

A matrix of square geometries (grid with 4-neighborhood) with dimension given by the right-hand operand ({nb_cols, nb_lines}) corresponding to the square tessellation of the left-hand operand geometry (geometry, agent)

Examples:

 
matrix var0 <- self as_4_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals the matrix of square geometries (grid with 4-neighborhood) with 10 columns and 5 lines corresponding to the square tessellation of the geometry of the agent applying the operator.

`as_distance_graph`

Possible use:

container as_distance_graph float ---> graph
as_distance_graph (container , float) ---> graph
container as_distance_graph map ---> graph
as_distance_graph (container , map) ---> graph
as_distance_graph (container, float, species) ---> graph

Result:

creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices close enough (less than a distance, right-hand operand).

Comment:

as_distance_graph is more efficient for a list of points than as_intersection_graph.

Examples:

 
list(ant) as_distance_graph 3.0

`as_driving_graph`

Possible use:

container as_driving_graph container ---> graph
as_driving_graph (container , container) ---> graph

Result:

creates a graph from the list/map of edges given as operand and connect the node to the edge

Examples:

 
as_driving_graph(road,node)  --:  build a graph while using the road agents as edges and the node agents as nodes

`as_edge_graph`

Possible use:

as_edge_graph (map) ---> graph
as_edge_graph (container) ---> graph
container as_edge_graph float ---> graph
as_edge_graph (container , float) ---> graph
container as_edge_graph container ---> graph
as_edge_graph (container , container) ---> graph

Result:

creates a graph from the list/map of edges given as operand

Special cases:

if the operand is a list and a tolerance (max distance in meters to consider that 2 points are the same node) is given, the graph will be built with elements of the list as edges and two edges will be connected by a node if the distance between their extremity (first or last points) are at distance lower or equal to the tolerance

 
graph var0 <- as_edge_graph([line([{1,5},{12,45}]),line([{13,45},{34,56}])],1); // var0 equals a graph with two edges and three vertices

if the operand is a map, the graph will be built by creating edges from pairs of the map

 
graph var1 <- as_edge_graph([{1,5}::{12,45},{12,45}::{34,56}]); // var1 equals a graph with these three vertices and two edges

if the operand is a list, the graph will be built with elements of the list as edges

 
graph var2 <- as_edge_graph([line([{1,5},{12,45}]),line([{12,45},{34,56}])]); // var2 equals a graph with two edges and three vertices

`as_grid`

Possible use:

geometry as_grid point ---> matrix
as_grid (geometry , point) ---> matrix

Result:

A matrix of square geometries (grid with 8-neighborhood) with dimension given by the right-hand operand ({nb_cols, nb_lines}) corresponding to the square tessellation of the left-hand operand geometry (geometry, agent)

Examples:

 
matrix var0 <- self as_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals a matrix of square geometries (grid with 8-neighborhood) with 10 columns and 5 lines corresponding to the square tessellation of the geometry of the agent applying the operator.

`as_hexagonal_grid`

Possible use:

geometry as_hexagonal_grid point ---> list<geometry>
as_hexagonal_grid (geometry , point) ---> list<geometry>

Result:

A list of geometries (hexagonal) corresponding to the hexagonal tesselation of the first operand geometry

Examples:

 
list<geometry> var0 <- self as_hexagonal_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals list of geometries (hexagonal) corresponding to the hexagonal tesselation of the first operand geometry

`as_int`

Possible use:

string as_int int ---> int
as_int (string , int) ---> int

Result:

parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument.

Special cases:

if the left operand is nil or empty, as_int returns 0
if the left operand does not represent an integer in the specified radix, as_int throws an exception

Examples:

 
int var0 <- '20' as_int 10; // var0 equals 20 
int var1 <- '20' as_int 8; // var1 equals 16 
int var2 <- '20' as_int 16; // var2 equals 32 
int var3 <- '1F' as_int 16; // var3 equals 31 
int var4 <- 'hello' as_int 32; // var4 equals 18306744

`as_intersection_graph`

Possible use:

container as_intersection_graph float ---> graph
as_intersection_graph (container , float) ---> graph
as_intersection_graph (container, float, species) ---> graph

Result:

creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices with an intersection (with a given tolerance). creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices with an intersection (with a given tolerance).

Comment:

as_intersection_graph is more efficient for a list of geometries (but less accurate) than as_distance_graph.

Examples:

 
list(ant) as_intersection_graph 0.5

`as_map`

Possible use:

container as_map any expression ---> map
as_map (container , any expression) ---> map

Result:

produces a new map from the evaluation of the right-hand operand for each element of the left-hand operand

Comment:

the right-hand operand should be a pair

Special cases:

if the left-hand operand is nil, as_map throws an error.

Examples:

 
map<int,int> var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] as_map (each::(each * 2)); // var0 equals [1::2, 2::4, 3::6, 4::8, 5::10, 6::12, 7::14, 8::16] 
map<int,int> var1 <- [1::2,3::4,5::6] as_map (each::(each * 2)); // var1 equals [2::4, 4::8, 6::12] 

`as_matrix`

Possible use:

unknown as_matrix point ---> matrix
as_matrix (unknown , point) ---> matrix

Result:

casts the left operand into a matrix with right operand as preferred size

Comment:

This operator is very useful to cast a file containing raster data into a matrix.Note that both components of the right operand point should be positive, otherwise an exception is raised.The operator as_matrix creates a matrix of preferred size. It fills in it with elements of the left operand until the matrix is full If the size is to short, some elements will be omitted. Matrix remaining elements will be filled in by nil.

Special cases:

if the right operand is nil, as_matrix is equivalent to the matrix operator

`as_path`

Possible use:

list<geometry> as_path graph ---> path
as_path (list<geometry> , graph) ---> path

Result:

create a graph path from the list of shape

Examples:

 
path var0 <- [road1,road2,road3] as_path my_graph; // var0 equals a path road1->road2->road3 of my_graph

`asin`

Possible use:

asin (int) ---> float
asin (float) ---> float

Result:

the arcsin of the operand

Special cases:

if the right-hand operand is outside of the [-1,1] interval, returns NaN

Examples:

 
float var0 <- asin (90); // var0 equals #nan 
float var1 <- asin (0); // var1 equals 0.0

`at`

Possible use:

string at int ---> string
at (string , int) ---> string
container at unknown ---> unknown
at (container , unknown) ---> unknown
matrix at point ---> unknown
at (matrix , point) ---> unknown
species at int ---> agent
at (species , int) ---> agent
list at int ---> unknown
at (list , int) ---> unknown

Result:

the element at the right operand index of the container

Comment:

The first element of the container is located at the index 0. In addition, if the user tries to get the element at an index higher or equals than the length of the container, he will get an IndexOutOfBoundException.The at operator behavior depends on the nature of the operand

Special cases:

if it is a file, at returns the element of the file content at the index specified by the right operand
if it is a population, at returns the agent at the index specified by the right operand
if it is a graph and if the right operand is a node, at returns the in and out edges corresponding to that node
if it is a graph and if the right operand is an edge, at returns the pair node_out::node_in of the edge
if it is a graph and if the right operand is a pair node1::node2, at returns the edge from node1 to node2 in the graph
if it is a list or a matrix, at returns the element at the index specified by the right operand

 
int var1 <- [1, 2, 3] at 2; // var1 equals 3 
point var2 <- [{1,2}, {3,4}, {5,6}] at 0; // var2 equals {1.0,2.0}

Examples:

 
string var0 <- 'abcdef' at 0; // var0 equals 'a'

`at_distance`

Possible use:

container<unknown,geometry> at_distance float ---> list<geometry>
at_distance (container<unknown,geometry> , float) ---> list<geometry>

Result:

A list of agents or geometries among the left-operand list that are located at a distance <= the right operand from the caller agent (in its topology)

Examples:

 
list<geometry> var0 <- [ag1, ag2, ag3] at_distance 20; // var0 equals the agents of the list located at a distance <= 20 from the caller agent (in the same order).

`at_location`

Possible use:

geometry at_location point ---> geometry
at_location (geometry , point) ---> geometry

Result:

A geometry resulting from the tran of a translation to the right-hand operand point of the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point)

Examples:

 
geometry var0 <- self at_location {10, 20}; // var0 equals the geometry resulting from a translation to the location {10, 20} of the left-hand geometry (or agent). 
float var1 <-  (box({10, 10 , 5}) at_location point(50,50,0)).location.x; // var1 equals 50.0

`atan`

Possible use:

atan (float) ---> float
atan (int) ---> float

Result:

Returns the value (in the interval [-90,90], in decimal degrees) of the arctan of the operand (which can be any real number).

Examples:

 
float var0 <- atan (1); // var0 equals 45.0

`atan2`

Possible use:

float atan2 float ---> float
atan2 (float , float) ---> float

Result:

the atan2 value of the two operands.

Comment:

The function atan2 is the arctangent function with two arguments. The purpose of using two arguments instead of one is to gather information on the signs of the inputs in order to return the appropriate quadrant of the computed angle, which is not possible for the single-argument arctangent function.

Examples:

 
float var0 <- atan2 (0,0); // var0 equals 0.0

`attributes`

Possible use:

attributes (any) ---> attributes

`auto_correlation`

Possible use:

container auto_correlation int ---> float
auto_correlation (container , int) ---> float

Result:

Returns the auto-correlation of a data sequence given some lag

Examples:

 
float var0 <- auto_correlation([1,0,1,0,1,0],2); // var0 equals 1 
float var1 <- auto_correlation([1,0,1,0,1,0],1); // var1 equals -1

Definition
Priority between operators
Using actions as operators
Table of Contents
Operators by categories
Operators

Definition​

Priority between operators​

Using actions as operators​

Table of Contents​

Operators by categories​

3D​

Arithmetic operators​

BDI​

Casting operators​

Color-related operators​

Comparison operators​

Containers-related operators​

Date-related operators​

Dates​

Displays​

Driving operators​

edge​

EDP-related operators​

Files-related operators​

FIPA-related operators​

GamaMetaType​

Graphs-related operators​

Grid-related operators​

Iterator operators​

List-related operators​

Logical operators​

Map comparaison operators​

Map-related operators​

Material​

Matrix-related operators​

multicriteria operators​

Path-related operators​

Points-related operators​

Random operators​

ReverseOperators​

Shape​

Spatial operators​

Spatial properties operators​

Spatial queries operators​

Spatial relations operators​

Spatial statistical operators​

Spatial transformations operators​

Species-related operators​

Statistical operators​

Strings-related operators​

SubModel​

System​

Time-related operators​

Types-related operators​

User control operators​

Operators​

-​

Possible use:​

Result:​

Comment:​

Special cases:​

Examples:​

See also:​

:

Possible use:​

Result:​

Examples:​

See also:​

::​

Possible use:​

Result:​

Special cases:​

!​

Possible use:​

Result:​

Special cases:​

Examples:​

See also:​

!=​

Possible use:​

Result:​

Examples:​

See also:​

?​

Possible use:​

Definition

Priority between operators

Using actions as operators

Table of Contents

Operators by categories

3D

Arithmetic operators

BDI

Casting operators

Color-related operators

Comparison operators

Containers-related operators

Date-related operators

Dates

Displays

Driving operators

edge

EDP-related operators

Files-related operators

FIPA-related operators

GamaMetaType

Graphs-related operators

Grid-related operators

Iterator operators

List-related operators

Logical operators

Map comparaison operators

Map-related operators

Material

Matrix-related operators

multicriteria operators

Path-related operators

Points-related operators

Random operators

ReverseOperators

Shape

Spatial operators

Spatial properties operators

Spatial queries operators

Spatial relations operators

Spatial statistical operators

Spatial transformations operators

Species-related operators

Statistical operators

Strings-related operators

SubModel

System

Time-related operators

Types-related operators

User control operators

Operators

`-`

Possible use:

Result:

Comment:

Special cases:

Examples:

See also:

`:`

Possible use:

Result:

Examples:

See also:

`::`

Possible use:

Result:

Special cases:

`!`

Possible use:

Result:

Special cases:

Examples:

See also:

`!=`

Possible use:

Result:

Examples:

See also:

`?`

Possible use: